Antiviral drug history

As of December 2015, 87 antiviral drugs have been approved for clinical use. Please click the following picture for the information of individual drugs.

www.virusface.com

Mechanisms of drug action

Here, we share the movies to show how antiviral drugs bind to their protein targets. 13 movies are shown for visualizing the mechanisms of drug actions.See quick selections on left side bar.

If your computer is too slow to open this page, please click websites below.

Lopinavir

Maraviroc

Nevirapine

Foscarnet

Sofosbuvir

Simeprevir

Amantadine

Laninamivir

Zanamivir

Acyclovir

Brivudine

Idoxuridine

Lopinavir

Formula of Lopinavir.

Name: Lopinavir

Approved date: September 2000

Drug action: It targets the cleavage site of HIV-1 protease to inhibit viral maturation.

Pubchem source: 92727

Drug bank source: DB01601

PDB structure source: 2Q5K

Nevirapine

Formula of Nevirapine.

Name: Nevirapine

Approved date: June 1996

Drug action: It binds directly to HIV RT and inhibits DNA synthesis.

Pubchem source: 4463

Drug bank source: DB00238

PDB structure source: 4PUO

Tenofovir

Formula of Tenofovir.

Name: Tenofovir

Approved date: October 2001

Drug action: Tenofovir diphosphate competes with dATP to inhibit the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

Pubchem source: 6398764

Drug bank source: DB00300

PDB structure source: 1T03

Maraviroc

Formula of Maraviroc.

Name: Maraviroc

Approved date: August 2007

Drug action: It targets the host coreceptor CCR5 to prevent HIV viral entry.

Pubchem source: 3002977

Drug bank source: DB04835

PDB structure source: 4MBS

Foscarnet

Formula of Foscarnet.

Name: Foscarnet

Approved date: May 2005

Drug action: It inhibits the activity of viral DNA polymerase.

Pubchem source: 3415

Drug bank source: DB00529

PDB structure source: 3KD1

Sofosbuvir

Formula of Sofosbuvir.

Name: Sofosbuvir

Approved date: December 2013

Drug action: It binds to two Mg2+ ions in HCV NS5B polymerase and inhibits RNA replication.

Pubchem source: 45375808

Drug bank source: DB08934

PDB structure source: 4WTG

Simeprevir

Formula of Simeprevir.

Name: Simeprevir

Approved date: November 2013

Drug action: It inhibits the proteolytic activity of HCV NS3/4A protease.

Pubchem source: 24873435

Drug bank source: DB06290

PDB structure source: 3KEE

Amantadine

Formula of Amantadine.

Name: Amantadine

Approved date: October 1966

Drug action: It targets viral matrix protein 2 to inhibit viral uncoating inside host cells.

Pubchem source: 2130

Drug bank source: DB00915

PDB structure source: 2KAD

Laninamivir

Formula of Laninamivir.

Name: Laninamivir

Approved date: December 2013

Drug action: It targets viral neuraminidase to inhibit viral release from host cells.

Pubchem source: 9847629

Drug bank source: DB02425

PDB structure source: 3TIB

Zanamivir

Formula of Zanamivir.

Name: Zanamivir

Approved date: July 1993

Drug action: It targets viral neuraminidase to inhibit viral release from host cells.

Pubchem source: 60855

Drug bank source: DB00558

PDB structure source: 2HTQ

Acyclovir

Formula of Acyclovir.

Name: Acyclovir

Approved date: January 1985

Drug action: It targets viral DNA polymerase to inhibit viral DNA synthesis.

Pubchem source: 3415

Drug bank source: DB00529

PDB structure source: 3KD1

Brivudine

Formula of Brivudine.

Name: Brivudine

Approved date: 2000

Drug action: Brivudine triphosphate targets VZV DNA polymerase to inhibit viral DNA synthesis.

Pubchem source: 446727

Drug bank source:

PDB structure source: 1OSN

Idoxuridine

Formula of Idoxuridine.

Name: Idoxuridine

Approved date: June 1963

Drug action: Idoxuridine substitutes thymidine and targets HSV DNA polymerase to inhibit viral DNA synthesis

Pubchem source: 5905

Drug bank source: DB00249

PDB structure source: 1KI7

Our team

Erik De Clercq

A lengendary physician, scientist, professor and father!

M.D. Ph.D. Erik De Clercq

Erik De Clercq is a known physician, scientist, professor and drug developer for five decades. His landmark discoveries in anti-HIV medications include nucleotide analogues (e.g. Tenofovir), and inventions or co-inventions of several approved drugs for anti-viral therapies. Since 1967, he has published more than 2000 SCI articles. His research interests focus on many known viruses such as HIV, HCV, HBV, EBOV, poxvirus and herpesvirus.

My curriculum vitae (CV)

My Publications

Current address: Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Email: Erik.DeClercq@rega.kuleuven.be

李广迪

Without a dream, life is incomplete!

Ph.D. Guangdi Li

Guangdi Li obtained his Bachelor's degree in Applied Mathematics at Hunan University, China. Afterwards, he received his Master degree in Computer Science at Shandong University, China. With full scholarship, he worked as a research assistant at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain. In 2014, he obtained his Ph.D in Biomedical Sciences from Faculty of Medicine, K.U. Leuven, Belgium. During this period, he also received extensive training from Master of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Faculty of Science, K.U. Leuven. His research interets focus on antiviral drugs and the genome-wide diversity, coevolution and interaction of HIV, HBV and HCV.

My curriculum vitae (CV)

My Publications

Current address: Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

Email: liguangdi.research@gmail.com

Approved antiviral drugs over 5 decades

Antiviral drug history

As of December 2015, 87 antiviral drugs have been approved for clinical use. Please click the following picture for the information of individual drugs.

www.virusface.com

Mechanisms of drug action

Here, we share the movies to show how antiviral drugs bind to their protein targets. 13 movies are shown for visualizing the mechanisms of drug actions.See quick selections on left side bar.

If your computer is too slow to open this page, please click websites below.

Lopinavir Maraviroc Nevirapine Foscarnet Sofosbuvir Simeprevir Amantadine Laninamivir Zanamivir Acyclovir Brivudine Idoxuridine

Lopinavir

Lopinavir

Name: Lopinavir Approved date: September 2000 Drug action: It targets the cleavage site of HIV-1 protease to inhibit viral maturation. Pubchem source: 92727 Drug bank source: DB01601 PDB structure source: 2Q5K

Nevirapine

Nevirapine

Name: Nevirapine Approved date: June 1996 Drug action: It binds directly to HIV RT and inhibits DNA synthesis. Pubchem source: 4463 Drug bank source: DB00238 PDB structure source: 4PUO

Tenofovir

Tenofovir

Name: Tenofovir Approved date: October 2001 Drug action: Tenofovir diphosphate competes with dATP to inhibit the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Pubchem source: 6398764 Drug bank source: DB00300 PDB structure source: 1T03

Maraviroc

Maraviroc

Name: Maraviroc Approved date: August 2007 Drug action: It targets the host coreceptor CCR5 to prevent HIV viral entry. Pubchem source: 3002977 Drug bank source: DB04835 PDB structure source: 4MBS

Foscarnet

Foscarnet

Name: Foscarnet Approved date: May 2005 Drug action: It inhibits the activity of viral DNA polymerase. Pubchem source: 3415 Drug bank source: DB00529 PDB structure source: 3KD1

Sofosbuvir

Sofosbuvir

Name: Sofosbuvir Approved date: December 2013 Drug action: It binds to two Mg2+ ions in HCV NS5B polymerase and inhibits RNA replication. Pubchem source: 45375808 Drug bank source: DB08934 PDB structure source: 4WTG

Simeprevir

Simeprevir

Name: Simeprevir Approved date: November 2013 Drug action: It inhibits the proteolytic activity of HCV NS3/4A protease. Pubchem source: 24873435 Drug bank source: DB06290 PDB structure source: 3KEE

Amantadine

Amantadine

Name: Amantadine Approved date: October 1966 Drug action: It targets viral matrix protein 2 to inhibit viral uncoating inside host cells. Pubchem source: 2130 Drug bank source: DB00915 PDB structure source: 2KAD

Laninamivir

Laninamivir

Name: Laninamivir Approved date: December 2013 Drug action: It targets viral neuraminidase to inhibit viral release from host cells. Pubchem source: 9847629 Drug bank source: DB02425 PDB structure source: 3TIB

Zanamivir

Zanamivir

Name: Zanamivir Approved date: July 1993 Drug action: It targets viral neuraminidase to inhibit viral release from host cells. Pubchem source: 60855 Drug bank source: DB00558 PDB structure source: 2HTQ

Acyclovir

Acyclovir

Name: Acyclovir Approved date: January 1985 Drug action: It targets viral DNA polymerase to inhibit viral DNA synthesis. Pubchem source: 3415 Drug bank source: DB00529 PDB structure source: 3KD1

Brivudine

Brivudine

Name: Brivudine Approved date: 2000 Drug action: Brivudine triphosphate targets VZV DNA polymerase to inhibit viral DNA synthesis. Pubchem source: 446727 Drug bank source: PDB structure source: 1OSN

Idoxuridine

Idoxuridine

Name: Idoxuridine Approved date: June 1963 Drug action: Idoxuridine substitutes thymidine and targets HSV DNA polymerase to inhibit viral DNA synthesis Pubchem source: 5905 Drug bank source: DB00249 PDB structure source: 1KI7

Our team

Erik De Clercq

M.D. Ph.D. Erik De Clercq

My curriculum vitae (CV)

My Publications

李广迪

Ph.D. Guangdi Li

My curriculum vitae (CV)

My Publications

Lopinavir

Maraviroc

Nevirapine

Foscarnet

Sofosbuvir

Simeprevir

Amantadine

Laninamivir

Zanamivir

Acyclovir

Brivudine

Idoxuridine

Name: Lopinavir

Approved date: September 2000

Drug action: It targets the cleavage site of HIV-1 protease to inhibit viral maturation.

Pubchem source: 92727

Drug bank source: DB01601

PDB structure source: 2Q5K

Name: Nevirapine

Approved date: June 1996

Drug action: It binds directly to HIV RT and inhibits DNA synthesis.

Pubchem source: 4463

Drug bank source: DB00238

PDB structure source: 4PUO

Name: Tenofovir

Approved date: October 2001

Drug action: Tenofovir diphosphate competes with dATP to inhibit the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

Pubchem source: 6398764

Drug bank source: DB00300

PDB structure source: 1T03

Name: Maraviroc

Approved date: August 2007

Drug action: It targets the host coreceptor CCR5 to prevent HIV viral entry.

Pubchem source: 3002977

Drug bank source: DB04835

PDB structure source: 4MBS

Name: Foscarnet

Approved date: May 2005

Drug action: It inhibits the activity of viral DNA polymerase.

Pubchem source: 3415

Drug bank source: DB00529

PDB structure source: 3KD1

Name: Sofosbuvir

Approved date: December 2013

Drug action: It binds to two Mg2+ ions in HCV NS5B polymerase and inhibits RNA replication.

Pubchem source: 45375808

Drug bank source: DB08934

PDB structure source: 4WTG

Name: Simeprevir

Approved date: November 2013

Drug action: It inhibits the proteolytic activity of HCV NS3/4A protease.

Pubchem source: 24873435

Drug bank source: DB06290

PDB structure source: 3KEE

Name: Amantadine

Approved date: October 1966

Drug action: It targets viral matrix protein 2 to inhibit viral uncoating inside host cells.

Pubchem source: 2130

Drug bank source: DB00915

PDB structure source: 2KAD

Name: Laninamivir

Approved date: December 2013

Drug action: It targets viral neuraminidase to inhibit viral release from host cells.

Pubchem source: 9847629

Drug bank source: DB02425

PDB structure source: 3TIB

Name: Zanamivir

Approved date: July 1993

Drug action: It targets viral neuraminidase to inhibit viral release from host cells.

Pubchem source: 60855

Drug bank source: DB00558

PDB structure source: 2HTQ

Name: Acyclovir

Approved date: January 1985

Drug action: It targets viral DNA polymerase to inhibit viral DNA synthesis.

Pubchem source: 3415

Drug bank source: DB00529

PDB structure source: 3KD1

Name: Brivudine

Approved date: 2000

Drug action: Brivudine triphosphate targets VZV DNA polymerase to inhibit viral DNA synthesis.

Pubchem source: 446727

Drug bank source:

PDB structure source: 1OSN

Name: Idoxuridine

Approved date: June 1963

Drug action: Idoxuridine substitutes thymidine and targets HSV DNA polymerase to inhibit viral DNA synthesis

Pubchem source: 5905

Drug bank source: DB00249

PDB structure source: 1KI7